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Development of the climate during the Miocene based on the study of reptilian associations in northwest Bohemia
Chroust, Milan ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Zajíc, Jaroslav (referee) ; Sabol, Martin (referee)
The PhD thesis is about fossil crocodiles and turtles from the Most basin and their implication in paleoclimatic and paleoecological reconstruction. The thesis is composed of accompanying text together with four separate scientific papers included in the attachment. Dozens of bony fragments, which belong to fossil crocodiles and turtles, are known from the Most basin (NW Bohemia, Czechia). Surprisingly, the high biodiversity of fossil turtles was revealed. According to a study of fossil crocodiles and turtles we are able to reconstruct the ancient landscape (i.e., ecosystems), mean annual temperatures together with the extremes in summer and winter periods. However, for the proper reconstruction of paleotemperatures, the taxonomic description is mandatory. Fossil crocodiles and turtles lack the systematic review, while they are in fact the most abundant material compared to other fossil vertebrates (i.e., mammals, birds, etc.). Crocodylian material belongs to the genus Diplocynodon and thanks to the cranial material from the Tušimice site, we are able to describe it as Diplocynodon ratelii. The soft-shell turtles (Trionychinae) from the Břešťany site are described as Rafetus bohemicus including the new diagnostic characters. Another trionychid material is for now impossible to determine at the...
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Charcoal layers in the Main Coal of central part of the Most Basin - a potential indicator of climate changes in early Miocene?
Šulc, Jan ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pešek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis is summing up the exploration of fusite layers in the middle coal bench of the main coal seam in the Most Basin, studied with support Severočeské doly a. s. in the Bílina opencast mine. These layers are interpreted as a result of wild fires of wetland vegetation and represent charcoal horizons. Several methods have been used for research of these layers. These include four lithological profiles throughout the middle coal bench in different places of Bílina opencast mine, usage of non-core drilling data (speed and force of auger) and comparation of these data with the profiles, and finally, the maceral analysis of the part of the middle bench between two flooding horizons marked by carbonaceous clay partings. Observations indicate that the charcoal layers are hardly recognisable because of their small thickness (few centimetres maximum) and lenticular nature (their lateral continuity usually does not exceed several tens of meters). The coreless drilling according to its sensitivity shows the potential of its usage for identification of fusite layers, although comparison with nearby field section is recommended. Maceral analysis shows that huminite is in favour against liptinite and inertinite. It is clear from the data, that the fusite layers were created as a result of burning...
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Neovolcanic Rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit
Sobotka, Martin ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Novotný, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with geological, petrological and geochemical studies of neovolcanic rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit. There are two lava flows affected by coal mining in northern part of the mine. Petrological and geochemical studies with K-Ar dating relatively recent rocks in mostly weatherworn volcanic rocks showed, that they can be classified as Ti-rich basaltic rocks without olivine (tephrites), which belong to the main volcanic phase in the evolution of the Eger graben. It was evidenced geologicaly and with K-Ar dating, that studied rocks were seperated from underlying beda by hiatus which caused erosion of volcanic rocks as well as crystalline bedrock. Mmajor and trace elements composition of co-magmactic volcanics showed that rock were derived from two slightly different sources of upper mantle. Composition of two samples indicates the formation from low degree of partial melting strongly metasomatic asthenospheric mantle. Chemical features of volcanic rocks show that mantle source was comparamble to recent OIB basalts. Last sample arose from less metasomatized and depth distincted mantle which was affected by higher level of partial melting. Melts from which crystallized both rocks were minimaly affected by asimilation or...
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Palaeocology of plant-arthropod associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Knor, Stanislav
Terrestrial plants and insects account for the majority of the Earth's biodiversity today, and almost half of all insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations date back for more than 400 million years. However, investigation of their interactions stands largely at the beginning in Western Europe. Nearly 4300 plant remains showing various kinds of feeding damages are available for the present study. These trace fossils are classified as so-called functional feeding-groups supply an outstanding example of the complexity, the structure and the changes of terrestrial ecosystems, are not well known during this interval. In Europe, the Neogene is characterized by palaeogeographic re- organization due to the collision of the African with the Eurasian plates. The Neogene plant record in Europe is rich and diverse offering a profound large-scale understanding of the floristic and vegetational development. A database of fossil traces from the Most Basin was compiled and analyzed by various statistical methods in terms of the diversity and intensity of palaeo-herbivory. The primary objective is to present results on the development of insect herbivory through the section of the Bílina Mine in North Bohemia, with the aim of understanding principal factors that caused the...
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Chemostratigraphy of the Holešice Member in the Most basin (Miocene)
Müllerová, Eliška ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Martínek, Karel (referee)
The newest geochemical and sedimentological studies of the Libkovice Member in the Most Basin revealed existence of a sedimentary cyclicity that is controlled by the change of Earth's orbital parameters and the shape of its orbit. The main objective of this study is to verify the hypothesis whether there is also a similar cyclical record in strata underlying the Libkovice Member. This interval located in top of the Holešice Member consists of lacustrine sediments of a smaller extent represented by the so-called Břešťany Clays. The aim of the diploma thesis was a geochemical analysis of the concentration of selected elements measured by a mobile XRF device from the drilling cores in the stratigraphic interval between the roof of the Main Coal and the base of the Libkovice Member. Also made was a litological description of boreholes and sedimentary texture of selected clay samples. A mineralogical analysis was performed using the X-ray diffraction method. Usefulness of the XRF mobile device was proven especially for the heavier elements (e.g., Fe and Sr) and less for the lighter elements K and Ti. Nevertheless, it was possible to assign the analysed sediments to the already published chemostratigraphic subdivision of the Most Basin and to confirm its validity. The Břešťany Clays horizon was identified...
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A torso of a landscape. The story of a baroque landscape of northern Bohemia.
Drápalová, Kristýna ; Macek, Petr (advisor) ; Adamcová, Kateřina (referee)
(English) This study has two aims. First, to reconstruct the landscape arrangement of the northern tip of the North Bohemian Basin at the end of the baroque era, focusing on compositional relationships between landscape dominants, both in a scale of pilgrim areas, castles, churches and monasteries and in a scale of chapels and small sculptural and architectonic monuments. The second aim is to, on the example of this - in baroque era extraordinarily rich landscape - examine the phenomenon of the Czech baroque landscape by comparing conclusions of the reconstruction with the widespread conception of compositional principles of baroque landscape. For this purpose, a comprehensive catalogue of architectonic and sculptural monuments in the researched area at about 1780, was compiled. Thereafter a map was created, that shows not only the objects as such, but also the compositional relationships between them. The most important resource for the map was a collection of maps of the First military mapping of Bohemia. In the text, the landscape is described through the perspective of a baroque pilgrim, browsing the landscape along the old roads of three selected routes. The conclusions are then summarized in the final chapter. As a result of my study, I came to the conclusion, that neither the researched...
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Neovolcanic Rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit
Sobotka, Martin ; Kachlík, Václav (advisor) ; Novotný, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis deals with geological, petrological and geochemical studies of neovolcanic rocks of the SW part of the Most Basin in the area of Tušimice power plant open pit. There are two lava flows affected by coal mining in northern part of the mine. Petrological and geochemical studies with K-Ar dating relatively recent rocks in mostly weatherworn volcanic rocks showed, that they can be classified as Ti-rich basaltic rocks without olivine (tephrites), which belong to the main volcanic phase in the evolution of the Eger graben. It was evidenced geologicaly and with K-Ar dating, that studied rocks were seperated from underlying beda by hiatus which caused erosion of volcanic rocks as well as crystalline bedrock. Mmajor and trace elements composition of co-magmactic volcanics showed that rock were derived from two slightly different sources of upper mantle. Composition of two samples indicates the formation from low degree of partial melting strongly metasomatic asthenospheric mantle. Chemical features of volcanic rocks show that mantle source was comparamble to recent OIB basalts. Last sample arose from less metasomatized and depth distincted mantle which was affected by higher level of partial melting. Melts from which crystallized both rocks were minimaly affected by asimilation or...
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Palaeocology of plant-arthropod associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Knor, Stanislav
Terrestrial plants and insects account for the majority of the Earth's biodiversity today, and almost half of all insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations date back for more than 400 million years. However, investigation of their interactions stands largely at the beginning in Western Europe. Nearly 4300 plant remains showing various kinds of feeding damages are available for the present study. These trace fossils are classified as so-called functional feeding-groups supply an outstanding example of the complexity, the structure and the changes of terrestrial ecosystems, are not well known during this interval. In Europe, the Neogene is characterized by palaeogeographic re- organization due to the collision of the African with the Eurasian plates. The Neogene plant record in Europe is rich and diverse offering a profound large-scale understanding of the floristic and vegetational development. A database of fossil traces from the Most Basin was compiled and analyzed by various statistical methods in terms of the diversity and intensity of palaeo-herbivory. The primary objective is to present results on the development of insect herbivory through the section of the Bílina Mine in North Bohemia, with the aim of understanding principal factors that caused the...
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Genesis and paleogeographic significance of the clastic bands in the main coal of the Most Basin
Novotný, Tomáš ; Opluštil, Stanislav (advisor) ; Rojík, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis presents first systematic geochemical a petrographical research of clastic bands in the lower-miocene Main Coal of the Most Basin. The main target of the thesis is evaluation of proxy analyses (EDXRF) of clastic bands and ash yield from coal. This method allows for identification of paleogeographic information about provenance of clastics derived from two different sources. The first source area represents weathered Tertiary volcanoclastics and the second is derived from crystalline basement in southwest part of the Bohemian Massif. Different geochemical signal of these two source areas detected in clastic bands allowed to constrain the switching of provenance into the lower part of the middle bench of the Main Coal in the Bílina open-cast mine whereas in the Doly Nástup-Tušimice mine this change occurs below the Main Coal. This result corresponds with idea of gradual changing of provenance across basin. Anomalous geochemical composition characterised by apparently increased content of Sr-Ba-P-Ca elements in one of clastic bands in the lower part of the Main Coal exposed in the Doly Nástup-Tušimice open-cast mine is related to presence of phosphate group minerals florencite and woodhouseite minerals as confirmed by RTG diffraction. This assemblage suggests possible admixture of...
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Palaeocology of plant-arthropod associations from the Lower Miocene of the Most Basin in northern Bohemia (Czech Republic)
Knor, Stanislav ; Prokop, Jakub (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee)
Terrestrial plants and insects account for the majority of the Earth's biodiversity today, and almost half of all insect species are herbivores. Thus, insects and plants share ancient associations date back for more than 400 million years. However, investigation of their interactions stands largely at the beginning in Western Europe. Nearly 4300 plant remains showing various kinds of feeding damages are available for the present study. These trace fossils are classified as so-called functional feeding-groups supply an outstanding example of the complexity, the structure and the changes of terrestrial ecosystems, are not well known during this interval. In Europe, the Neogene is characterized by palaeogeographic re- organization due to the collision of the African with the Eurasian plates. The Neogene plant record in Europe is rich and diverse offering a profound large-scale understanding of the floristic and vegetational development. A database of fossil traces from the Most Basin was compiled and analyzed by various statistical methods in terms of the diversity and intensity of palaeo-herbivory. The primary objective is to present results on the development of insect herbivory through the section of the Bílina Mine in North Bohemia, with the aim of understanding principal factors that caused the...
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